The cervixis the lower, narrow end of theuterus(the hollow, pear-shapedorganwhere a fetusgrows). The cervix leads from the uterus to thevagina(birth canal).
Cervical cancer usually develops slowly over time. Before cancer appears in the cervix, the cells of the cervix go through changes known as dysplasia, in which abnormal cells begin to appear in the cervical tissue. Over time, the abnormal cells may become cancer cells and start to grow and spread more deeply into the cervix and to surrounding areas. Cervical cancer in children is rare.
STAGES OF CERVICAL CANCER
Carcinoma in Situ (Stage 0)
In carcinoma in situ (stage 0), abnormal cells are found in the innermost lining of the cervix. These abnormal cells may become cancer and spread into nearby normal tissue.
Stage I
In stage I, cancer is found in the cervix only.
Stage I is divided into stages IA and IB, based on the amount of cancer that is found.
Stage IA:
A very small amount of cancer that can only be seen with a microscope is found in the tissues of the cervix. In stage IA1, the cancer is not more than 3 millimeters deep and not more than 7 millimeters wide. In stage IA2, the cancer is more than 3 but not more than 5 millimeters deep, and not more than 7 millimeters wide.
A very small amount of cancer that can only be seen with a microscope is found in the tissues of the cervix.
Stage IA is divided into stages IA1 and IA2, based on the size of the tumor.
In stage IA1, the cancer is not more than 3 millimeters deep and not more than 7 millimeters wide.
In stage IA2, the cancer is more than 3 but not more than 5 millimeters deep, and not more than 7 millimeters wide.
Stage IB:
Stage IB1 and IB2 cervical cancer. In stage IB1, the cancer can only be seen with a microscope and is more than 5 mm deep and more than 7 mm wide OR the cancer can be seen without a microscope and is 4 cm or smaller. In stage IB2, the cancer is larger than 4 cm.
In stage IB1:
The cancer can only be seen with a microscope and is more than 5millimeters deep and more than 7 millimeters wide; or the cancer can be seen without a microscope and is not more than 4centimeters. Stage IB is divided into stages IB1 and IB2, based on the size of the tumor.
Stage II
Cancer has spread beyond the cervix but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina. In stages IIA1 and IIA2, cancer has spread beyond the cervix to the vagina. In stage IIA1, the tumor can be seen without a microscope and is 4 centimeters or smaller. In stage IIA2, the tumor can be seen without a microscope and is larger than 4 centimeters. In stage IIB, cancer has spread beyond the cervix to the tissues around the uterus.
In stage II, cancer has spread beyond the uterus but not onto the pelvic wall (the tissues that line the part of the body between the hips) or to the lower third of the vagina.
Stage II is divided into stages IIA and IIB, based on how far the cancer has spread.
Stage IIA:Cancer has spread beyond the cervix to the upper two thirds of the vagina but not to tissues around the uterus. Stage IIA is divided into stages IIA1 and IIA2, based on the size of the tumor.
In stage IIA1, the tumor can be seen without a microscope and is not more than 4 centimeters.
In stage IIA2, the tumor can be seen without a microscope and is more than 4 centimeters.
Stage IIB: Cancer has spread beyond the cervix to the tissues around the uterus but not onto the pelvic wall.
Stage III
In stage III, cancer has spread to the lower third of the vagina, and/or onto the pelvic wall, and/or has caused kidney problems.
Stage III is divided into stages IIIA and IIIB, based on how far the cancer has spread.
Stage IIIA:
Stage IIIA cervical cancer. Cancer has spread to the lower third of the vagina but not to the pelvic wall.
Cancer has spread to the lower third of the vagina but not onto the pelvic wall.
Stage IIIB:
Cancer has spread to the pelvic wall; and/or the tumor has become large enough to block the ureters (the tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder). The drawing shows the ureter on the right blocked by the cancer. This blockage can cause the kidney to enlarge or stop working.
Cancer has spread onto the pelvic wall; or the tumor has become large enough to block one or both ureters (tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder) and has caused one or both kidneys to get bigger or stop working.
Stage IV
In stage IV, cancer has spread beyond the pelvis, or can be seen in the lining of the bladder and/or rectum, or has spread to other parts of the body.
Stage IV is divided into stages IVA and IVB, based on where the cancer has spread.
Stage IVA:
Stage IVA cervical cancer. Cancer has spread to nearby organs, such as the bladder or rectum.
Cancer has spread to nearby organs, such as the bladder or rectum.
Stage IVB:
Cancer has spread to parts of the body away from the cervix, such as the liver, intestines, lungs, or bones.
Cancer has spread to other parts of the body, such as the liver, lungs, bones, or distant lymph nodes.
A very small amount of cancer that can only be seen with a microscope is found in the tissues of the cervix. In stage IA1, the cancer is not more than 3 millimeters deep and not more than 7 millimeters wide. In stage IA2, the cancer is more than 3 but not more than 5 millimeters deep, and not more than 7 millimeters wide.Stage IA is divided into stages IA1 and IA2, based on the size of the tumor.
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